There's More to Diamonds than Meets the Eye

By: Robyn Nazarewicz of Nash Jewellers

Quality and value for money are more important now than they have ever been when it comes to the important things we buy. The thought of purchasing a home, a car, a VCR, even a vacation that is short of the most exacting standards would be unthinkable in these demanding times. The same holds true for diamonds, the hardest and oldest natural substance known to man, and the most beautiful. But there is more to a diamond than meets the eye.

For example, take the two diamonds illustrated below. The differences between them are subtle. To understand these differences is to understand the 4C's. Cut, colour, clarity and carat-weight. It is the combination of these four characteristics in any one of a number of ways that determines the value of a diamond.

When you acquire diamond jewellery, you'll want your diamonds, no matter what their size, to be the best your money can buy. Any difference in quality means a difference in price.

CUT - Many people confuse cut with the shape of a diamond. The shape you select is a matter of individual taste, and today your choice is only limited by the skill and imagination of the craftsman. It is their effort during every stage of the fashioning process that reflects the maximum amount of light back to the eye. Most round, brilliant-cut or fancy-shaped diamonds possess 58 carefully angled flat surfaces, called facets, whose placement will affect the fire, brilliance and ultimate beauty of your diamond.... values decline about 10% per cutting grade.

COLOUR - The most prized diamonds are colourless diamonds, because their beauty depends entirely upon their remarkable optical properties. In such diamonds, all the colours of the rainbow are reflected back to your eye. While the majority of gem diamonds appear to be colourless, others can contain increasing shades of yellow to brown, some of which are referred to as champagne diamonds. Other diamonds of exceptional colour--red, blue, green, pink, and amber--are known as "Fancies."

The colour grading scale varies from totally colourless to light colour or tinted. The difference between one grade and its neighbor is very subtle. Experts never try to remember colour; they use master diamonds of known colour for comparison...value declines approximately 10% per colour grade.

CLARITY - Because of their unique optical properties, diamonds, more than any other gemstone, are capable of producing the maximum amount of brilliance. While minute crystals of diamond or other minerals are contained in almost all diamonds, a diamond that is virtually free of inclusions and surface markings will be judged as flawless. In these diamonds, nothing interferes with the passage of light or spoils the beauty. But these diamonds are extremely rare and will command a high price.

To determine a diamond's clarity grading, it must be examined under a 10x magnification by a trained, skilled eye. What minute inclusions there may be make every diamond unique. These are, in fact, nature's fingerprints and do not mar the diamond's beauty nor endanger its durability. Without high magnification, you may never see these inclusions. However, the fewer there are, the rarer your diamond will be....value declines approximately 10% per clarity grade.

Most diamonds contain tiny natural marks called inclusions. The number of inclusions,
their size andlocation all affect the diamonds clarity grade.

CARAT WEIGHT - As with all precious stones, the weight--and therefore the size--of a diamond is expressed in carats. One carat is divided into 100 "points" so that a diamond of 25 points is described as a quarter of a carat or 0.25 carats. Size is the most obvious factor in determining the value of a diamond, but now you know that two equal sizes can have very unequal prices depending on their quality. However, remember that diamonds of high quality can be found in all size ranges. Here are some other examples that show the approximate size of diamonds of varying carat weights.